Hardware

10 LED Projects for Geeks is a collection of interactive and customizable projects that all have the humble LED in common, but don’t write them off as basic! You’ll learn how to make challenging and imaginative gadgets like a magic wand that controls lights using hand gestures, a pen-sized controller for music synthesizers, a light strip that dances to the beat of music, and even an LED sash that flashes scrolling text you send from your phone.

Every project includes photos, step-by-step directions, colorful circuit diagrams, and the complete code to bring the project to life. As you work your way through the book, you’ll pick up adaptable skills that will take your making abilities to the next level. You’ll learn how to:

• Design versatile circuits for your own needs
• Build and print a custom printed circuit board
• Create flexible circuits which you can use to make any wearable you dream up
• Turn analog signal into digital data your microcontroller can read
• Use gesture recognition and wireless interaction for your own Internet of Things projects
• Experiment with copper tape and create circuits with paper and foil
• Build “smart” gadgets that make decisions with sensors

If you want to experiment with LEDs and circuits, learn some new skills, and make cool things along the way, 10 LED Projects for Geeks is your first step.

20 Easy Raspberry Pi Projects is a beginner-friendly collection of electronics projects, perfectly suited for kids, parents, educators, and hobbyists looking to level up their hardware skills.

After a crash course to get you set up with your Raspberry Pi, you’ll learn how to build interactive projects like a digital drum set; a WiFi controlled robot; a Pong game; an intruder alarm that sends email notifications; a gas leak detector; a weather forecaster; and IoT gadgets that control electronics around the house. Along the way, you’ll work with core components like LCD screens, cameras, sensors, and even learn how to set up your own server.

Each project provides step-by-step instructions, full-color photos and circuit diagrams, and the complete code to bring your build to life. If you’re ready to hit the ground running and make something interesting, let 20 Easy Raspberry Pi Projects be your guide.

A Beginner's Guide to Circuits is the perfect first step for anyone ready to jump into the world of electronics and circuit design.

First, you’ll learn to read circuit diagrams and use a breadboard, which allows you to connect electrical components without using a hot soldering iron! Next, you’ll build nine simple projects using just a handful of readily available components, like resistors, transistors, capacitors, and other parts. As you build, you’ll learn what each component does, how it works, and how to combine components to achieve new and interesting effects.

By the end of the book, you’ll be able to build your own electronic creations. With easy-to-follow directions, anyone can become an inventor with the help of A Beginner’s Guide to Circuits!

Build These 9 Simple Circuits!

• Steady-Hand Game: Test your nerves using a wire and a buzzer to create an Operation-style game!
• Touch-Enabled Light: Turn on a light with your finger!
• Cookie Jar Alarm: Catch cookie thieves red-handed with this contraption.
• Night-Light: Automatically turn on a light when it gets dark.
• Blinking LED: This classic circuit blinks an LED.
• Party Lights: Throw a party with these charming string lights.
• Railroad Crossing Light: Danger! Don’t cross the tracks if this circuit’s pair of lights is flashing.
• Digital Piano: Play a tune with this simple synthesizer and learn how speakers work.
• LED Marquee: Put on a light show and impress your friends with this flashy finale.

For Arduino programmers who’ve mastered the basics, this book is the next step toward becoming an expert Arduinian. You’ll build 70 complex and practical projects with this versatile microcontroller platform and gain advanced skills to design reliable, professional, user-friendly creations.

You’ll remote-control your Arduino via Bluetooth and instant messaging, improve the accuracy of clock projects with internet time servers, and automatically turn your Arduino off when it completes a task. You’ll safely control AC mains power and higher currents and conserve battery with low-power and sleep modes. You’ll also use Charlieplexing to control LED matrix displays, keep your Arduino running with a watchdog timer, communicate over longer wired distances with the RS232 and RS485 buses, and much more.

Along the way, you’ll build fun and useful devices like:

• A camera-enabled circuit to stream videos
• An MP3 player to listen to audio of your choice
• A CAN bus circuit to gather speed and engine data from your car
• A web server to display data captured with an ESP32 board
• A PS/2 keyboard to improve your user interfaces and easily enter and display data Guided by an Arduino master, you’ll harness dozens of sensors, motors, displays, and techniques to bring your own expert inventions to life.

Requirements: Arduino Uno and other Arduino-compatible microcontrollers andUSBasp programmers. Some projects may require other inexpensive parts.

Arduino in Action is a hands-on guide to prototyping and building electronics using the Arduino platform. Suitable for both beginners and advanced users, this easy-to-follow book begins with the basics and then systematically guides you through projects ranging from your first blinking LED through connecting Arduino to devices like game controllers or your iPhone.

The Arduino microcontroller makes it easy to learn about electronics, but it can be hard to know where to start. The 10 projects in this book will teach you to build, code, and invent with the super-smart Arduino and a handful of parts.

First, you’ll master the basics with a primer that explains how a circuit works, how to read a wiring schematic, and how to build and test projects with a solderless breadboard. Then you’ll learn how to make your hardware move, buzz, flash, and interact with the world using motors, LEDs, sensors, and more as you build these 10 projects:

• The classic first Arduino project: blinking an LED
• A miniature traffic light
• An LED screen that displays animated patterns and shapes
• A fast-paced button-smashing game to test your reflexes
• A light-sensitive, color-changing night-light
• A challenging ball-balancing game
• A temperature-sensing mini greenhouse with an automated fan and vent
• A motorized robot that you can control
• A racing timer for toy cars
• A tiny electric piano that you can actually play! With each project, you’ll learn real coding skills so you can tell your inventions what to do, like how to store temperature readings with variables, start a timer or spin a motor with functions, and make decisions using loops. You’ll even find tips and tricks to put your own twist on each gadget and take things further.

Uses the Arduino Uno board or SparkFun RedBoard

You’ve mastered the basics, conquered the soldering iron, and programmed a robot or two; now you’ve got a set of skills and tools to take your Arduino exploits further. But what do you do once you’ve exhausted your to-build list?

Arduino Playground will show you how to keep your hardware hands busy with a variety of intermediate builds, both practical and just-for-fun. Advance your engineering and electronics know-how as you work your way through these 10 complex projects:

• A reaction-time game that leverages the Arduino’s real-time capabilities
• A tool for etching your own printed circuit boards
• A regulated, variable-voltage power supply
• A kinetic wristwatch winder decked out with LEDs
• A garage parking assistant that blinks when your vehicle is perfectly parked
• A practical and colorful pH meter
• A ballistic chronograph that can measure the muzzle velocity of BB, Airsoft, and pellet guns
• A battery saver that prevents accidental discharge
• A square-wave generator
• A thermometer that tells the temperature using a sequence of colored LEDs Each project begins with a list of required tools and components, followed by the instructions, full sketch, and circuit board templates for the build, as well as directions for building a permanent enclosure. You’ll even find the author’s design notes, which are sure to provide inspiration for your own inventions.

Gather your parts, break out the soldering iron, and get ready to take your Arduino skills to the next level with Arduino Playground.

Uses the Arduino Nano and Pro Mini boards

Arduino Project Handbook is a beginner-friendly collection of electronics projects using the low-cost Arduino board. With just a handful of components, an ­Arduino, and a computer, you’ll learn to build and program everything from light shows to arcade games to an ultrasonic security system.

First you’ll get set up with an introduction to the Arduino and valuable advice on tools and components. Then you can work through the book in order or just jump to projects that catch your eye. Each project includes simple instructions, colorful photos and ­circuit diagrams, and all necessary code.

Arduino Project Handbook is a fast and fun way to get started with micro­controllers that’s perfect for beginners, hobbyists, parents, and educators.

Uses the Arduino Uno board

This second volume of the ­Arduino Project Handbook delivers 25 more ­beginner-friendly electronics projects. Get up and running with a crash course on the Arduino, and then pick any project that sparks your interest and start making!

Each project includes cost and time estimates, simple instructions, colorful photos and circuit diagrams, a troubleshooting section, and the complete code to bring your build to life. With just the Arduino board and a handful of components, you’ll make gadgets like a rainbow light display, noise-level meter, digital piano, GPS speedo­meter, and fingerprint scanner.

This collection of projects is a fast and fun way to get started with microcontrollers that’s perfect for beginners, hobbyists, parents, and educators.

Requires: Arduino Uno board

“It is so good, I sent my copy to a teacher who just started teaching electronics to teenagers.” —Electronics Weekly

The Arduino is an inexpensive, flexible microcontroller platform that makes it easy for hobbyists to use electronics in DIY projects. With its wide range of input and output add-ons, sensors, indicators, displays, and motors, the Arduino offers you countless ways to create interactive devices.

Through 65 hands-on projects, Arduino Workshop will teach you the tricks and design principles of a master craftsman. This edition has been updated for the latest version of the Arduino IDE and revised to reflect current hardware and technology. It includes coverage of general electronics concepts as well as schematic diagrams and detailed images of components. You’ll experiment with touchscreens and LED displays, explore robotics, use sensors with wireless data links, and control devices remotely with a cell phone.

Throughout the book, hands-on projects reinforce what you've learned and show you how to apply that knowledge. As your understanding grows, the projects increase in complexity and sophistication. Along the way, you’ll learn valuable lessons in coding, including how to create your own Arduino libraries to efficiently reuse code across multiple projects.

Build projects like:

• An electronic version of the classic six-sided die
• A GPS logger that records and displays travel data
• A keypad-controlled lock that opens with a secret code
• A binary quiz game
• A motorized remote control car with collision detection

Whatever your skill level, you’re sure to have fun as you learn to harness the power of the Arduino for your own DIY projects.

NEW TO THIS EDITION:

• A chapter on creating your own Arduino libraries
• Updated robotic vehicle projects
• Newer shields that leverage GPS, 3G, and LoRa data transmission capabilities
• A chapter on MAX7219-based numeric LED displays and LED matrix modules

Covers Arduino IDE 2.x

AVR Workshop is a comprehensive introduction to working with the versatile Microchip AVR 8-bit microcontrollers that form the core of Arduino and compatible boards. Whether you’re an absolute beginner or electronics enthusiast, the book’s 60 projects will teach you how to build your own AVR devices, one step at a time.

You’ll learn the C programming skills needed to work directly with the inexpensive ATmega328P-PU and ATtiny85 microcontrollers. You’ll review the core properties of current, voltage, and power; learn to safely work with USBasp programmers and breadboards; and follow schematics to construct circuits. You’ll control digital output with bitwise arithmetic, take user input with pushbuttons and analog-to-digital converters, and test the voltage of a single-cell battery.

As you make your way through the book, you’ll build fun and useful devices like these:

• An LED display with changing colors and brightness
• A four-function calculator that connects an AVR to your computer
• A temperature-controlled fan and a two-wheel-drive robot vehicle
• A real-time digital clock that charts the date and time on an LCD

You’ll also learn more advanced skills like how to:

• Control motors with pulse-width modulation and MOSFETs
• Work with parts like LCDs, servos, and interface chips, and write your own AVR libraries
• Implement the SPI and I2C buses with AVR
• Use hardware interrupts, timers, and EEPROM

By the end of the book, you’ll have learned to harness a wide range of sensors, motors, displays, and more with the AVR microcontroller so you can bring your own inventions to life.

Requirements: ATmega328P-PU and ATtiny85 microcontrollers and USBasp programmers. Projects may require other inexpensive parts.

Bare Metal C will teach you how to program embedded devices with the C programming language. For embedded system programmers who want precise and complete control over the system they are using, this book pulls back the curtain on what the compiler is doing for you so that you can see all the details of what's happening with your program.

The first part of the book teaches C basics with the aid of a low-cost, widely available bare metal system (the Nucleo Arm evaluation system), which gives you all the tools needed to perform basic embedded programming. As you progress through the book you’ll learn how to integrate serial input/output (I/O) and interrupts into your programs. You’ll also learn what the C compiler and linker do behind the scenes, so that you’ll be better able to write more efficient programs that maximize limited memory. Finally, you’ll learn how to use more complex, memory hungry C features like dynamic memory, file I/O, and floating-point numbers.

A DIY guide to bringing your first robot to life with cheap and basic components. Build Your Own Robot introduces you to the exciting world of robotics in a way that’s fun and affordable! You’ll build your own real robot with easy-to-find hardware and free open source software. Plus, all the components you need can be assembled with simple tools like a screwdriver.

In Build Your Own Robot you’ll learn how to:

• Use cameras to capture photos and let your robot see
• Add cameras and basic computer vision
• Coordinate DC motors to move your robot
• Write a web app to control your robot
• Set up controls for joysticks
• Read QR codes to find and identify objects

This book shows you how anyone can start building their own robot—no special soldering or electronic skills required. All you need is some basic Python know-how to get started. From scratch, you’ll go hands-on with DC motors, touch sensors, custom shell scripting, joystick controls, and even face detection for your robot friend.

A hands-on guide that teaches you how to design and implement scalable, flexible, and open IoT solutions using web technologies. This book focuses on providing the right balance of theory, code samples, and practical examples to enable you to successfully connect all sorts of devices to the web and to expose their services and data over REST APIs.

Computers are everywhere — most obviously in our laptops and smartphones, but also our cars, televisions, microwave ovens, alarm clocks, robot vacuum cleaners, and other smart appliances. Have you ever wondered what goes on inside these devices to make our lives easier but occasionally more infuriating?

For more than 20 years, readers have delighted in Charles Petzolds illuminating story of the secret inner life of computers, and now he has revised it for this new age of computing. Cleverly illustrated and easy to understand, this is the book that cracks the mystery. You'll discover what flashlights, black cats, seesaws, and the ride of Paul Revere can teach you about computing — and how human ingenuity and our compulsion to communicate have shaped every electronic device we use.

This new expanded edition explores more deeply the bit-by-bit, gate-by-gate construction of the heart of every smart device the central processing unit that combines the simplest of basic operations to perform the most complex of feats. Along with new chapters, Petzold has created a new website, CodeHiddenLanguage.com, that uses animated interactive graphics to make computers even easier to comprehend.

From the simple ticking of clocks to the worldwide hum of the internet, Code reveals the essence of the digital revolution.

Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, Fifth Edition, explores the ways that software and technology in the cloud are accessed by digital media, such as cell phones, computers, tablets, and other mobile devices. The book, which became a part of Intel's 2012 recommended reading list for developers, covers the revolution of mobile computing. It also highlights the two most important factors in architecture today: parallelism and memory hierarchy.

This fully updated edition is comprised of six chapters that follow a consistent framework: explanation of the ideas in each chapter; a crosscutting issues section, which presents how the concepts covered in one chapter connect with those given in other chapters; a putting it all together section that links these concepts by discussing how they are applied in real machine; and detailed examples of misunderstandings and architectural traps commonly encountered by developers and architects. Formulas for energy, static and dynamic power, integrated circuit costs, reliability, and availability are included. The book also covers virtual machines, SRAM and DRAM technologies, and new material on Flash memory. Other topics include the exploitation of instruction-level parallelism in high-performance processors, superscalar execution, dynamic scheduling and multithreading, vector architectures, multicore processors, and warehouse-scale computers (WSCs). There are updated case studies and completely new exercises. Additional reference appendices are available online.

This book will be a valuable reference for computer architects, programmers, application developers, compiler and system software developers, computer system designers and application developers.

• Part of Intel's 2012 Recommended Reading List for Developers
• Updated to cover the mobile computing revolution
• Emphasizes the two most important topics in architecture today: memory hierarchy and parallelism in all its forms.
• Develops common themes throughout each chapter: power, performance, cost, dependability, protection, programming models, and emerging trends ("What's Next")
• Includes three review appendices in the printed text. Additional reference appendices are available online.
• Includes updated Case Studies and completely new exercises.

The new RISC-V Edition of Computer Organization and Design features the RISC-V open source instruction set architecture, the first open source architecture designed to be used in modern computing environments such as cloud computing, mobile devices, and other embedded systems.

With the post-PC era now upon us, Computer Organization and Design moves forward to explore this generational change with examples, exercises, and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the Cloud. Updated content featuring tablet computers, Cloud infrastructure, and the x86 (cloud computing) and ARM (mobile computing devices) architectures is included.

An online companion Web site provides advanced content for further study, appendices, glossary, references, and recommended reading.

• Features RISC-V, the first such architecture designed to be used in modern computing environments, such as cloud computing, mobile devices, and other embedded systems
• Includes relevant examples, exercises, and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the cloud

ESP32, a low-cost and energy-efficient system-on-a-chip microcontroller, has become the backbone of numerous WiFi devices, fueling IoT innovation. This book offers a holistic approach to building an IoT system from the ground up, ensuring secure data communication from sensors to cloud platforms, empowering you to create production-grade IoT solutions using the ESP32 SoC.

Starting with IoT essentials supported by real-world use cases, this book takes you through the entire process of constructing an IoT device using ESP32. Each chapter introduces new dimensions to your IoT applications, covering sensor communication, the integration of prominent IoT libraries like LittleFS and LVGL, connectivity options via WiFi, security measures, cloud integration, and the visualization of real-time data using Grafana. Furthermore, a dedicated section explores AI/ML for embedded systems, guiding you through building and running ML applications with tinyML and ESP32-S3 to create state-of-the-art embedded products.

This book adopts a hands-on approach, ensuring you can start building IoT solutions right from the beginning. Towards the end of the book, you'll tackle a full-scale Smart Home project, applying all the techniques you've learned in real-time.

Embark on your journey to build secure, production-grade IoT systems with ESP32 today!

What you will learn

• Explore ESP32 with IDE and debugging tools for effective IoT creation
• Drive GPIO, I2C, multimedia, and storage for seamless integration of external devices
• Utilize handy IoT libraries to enhance your ESP32 projects
• Manage WiFi like a pro with STA & AP modes, provisioning, and ESP Rainmaker framework features
• Ensure robust IoT security with secure boot and OTA firmware updates
• Harness AWS IoT for data handling and achieve stunning visualization using Grafana
• Enhance your projects with voice capabilities using ESP AFE and Speech Recognition
• Innovate with tinyML on ESP32-S3 and the Edge Impulse platform

Who this book is for

If you are an embedded software developer, an IoT software architect or developer, a technologist, or anyone who wants to learn how to use ESP32 and its applications, this book is for you. A basic understanding of embedded systems, programming, networking, and cloud computing concepts is necessary to get started with the book.

Digital Design and Computer Architecture takes a unique and modern approach to digital design. Beginning with digital logic gates and progressing to the design of combinational and sequential circuits, Harris and Harris use these fundamental building blocks as the basis for what follows: the design of an actual MIPS processor. SystemVerilog and VHDL are integrated throughout the text in examples illustrating the methods and techniques for CAD-based circuit design. By the end of this book, readers will be able to build their own microprocessor and will have a top-to-bottom understanding of how it works. Harris and Harris have combined an engaging and humorous writing style with an updated and hands-on approach to digital design.

This second edition has been updated with new content on I/O systems in the context of general purpose processors found in a PC as well as microcontrollers found almost everywhere. The new edition provides practical examples of how to interface with peripherals using RS232, SPI, motor control, interrupts, wireless, and analog-to-digital conversion. High-level descriptions of I/O interfaces found in PCs include USB, SDRAM, WiFi, PCI Express, and others. In addition to expanded and updated material throughout, SystemVerilog is now featured in the programming and code examples (replacing Verilog), alongside VHDL. This new edition also provides additional exercises and a new appendix on C programming to strengthen the connection between programming and processor architecture.

Second Edition Features

• Covers the fundamentals of digital logic design and reinforces logic concepts through the design of a MIPS microprocessor.
• Features side-by-side examples of the two most prominent Hardware Description Languages (HDLs)-SystemVerilog and VHDL-which illustrate and compare the ways each can be used in the design of digital systems.
• Includes examples throughout the text that enhance the reader’s understanding and retention of key concepts and techniques.
• Companion Web site includes links to CAD tools for FPGA design from Altera and Mentor Graphics, lecture slides, laboratory projects, and solutions to exercises.

Game Boy Modding teaches you how to purchase, refurbish, mod, and customize Nintendo Game Boys. The consoles are widely available and the customizations are affordable, requiring only limited tools and know-how.

Retro consoles are seeing a resurgence of popularity worldwide, and king among these throwback devices is the Game Boy, which sold over 100 million units in its lifetime and introduced gamers to Mario and Pokemon. These consoles emanate pixelated 8-bit retro charm, but some lack the modern technological enhancements that we take for granted in 2020.

You'll learn basic soldering and hardware modification techniques; how to change speakers, buttons, and screen lenses; how to fix dead speakers and sticky buttons; and how to personalize your Game Boy to your heart's content.

Whether you have been toying with field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) for years or are completely new to these reprogrammable devices, this book will teach you to think like an FPGA engineer and develop reliable designs with confidence.

Through detailed code examples, patient explanations, and hands-on projects, Getting Started with FPGAs will actually get you started. Russell Merrick, creator of the popular blog Nandland.com, will guide you through the basics of digital logic, look-up tables, and flip-flops, as well as high-level concepts like state machines. You’ll explore the fundamentals of the FPGA build process including simulation, synthesis, and place and route.You’ll learn about key FPGA primitives, such as DSP blocks and PLLs, and examine how FPGAs handle math operations and I/O.

Code examples are provided in both Verilog and VHDL, making the book a valuable resource no matter your language of choice. You’ll discover how to:

• Implement common design building blocks like multiplexers, LFSRs, and FIFOs
• Cross between clock domains without triggering metastable conditions or timing errors
• Avoid common pitfalls when performing math
• Transmit and receive data at lightning speeds using SerDes
• Write testbench code to verify your designs are working

With this accessible, hands-on guide, you’ll be creating your own functional FPGA projects in no time. Getting started with FPGAs has never been easier.

Requirements: To complete the projects in this book, readers should plan to purchase an FPGA development board, preferably with a Lattice iCE40 FPGA, a USB connection, and peripherals like LEDs, push-button switches, and a seven-segment display. Some projects may require other inexpensive parts.

Homemade Robots is a beginner’s guide to building a wide range of mobile, autonomous bots using common household materials. Its 10 creative and easy-to-follow projects are designed to maximize fun with minimal effort—no electronics experience necessary!

From the teetering Wobbler to the rolling Barreller, each bot is self-driving and has a unique personality. There’s the aptly named Inchworm Bot made of aluminum rulers; Buffer, a street sweeper-like bot that polishes the floor as it walks; and Sail Bot, which changes direction based on the wind.

Randy Sarafan’s hacker approach to sculptural robotics will appeal to builders of all ages. You’ll learn basic electronics, get comfortable with tools and mechanical systems, and gain the confidence to explore further on your own. A wide world of robots is yours to discover, and Homemade Robots is the perfect starting point.

How Computers Really Work is a hands-on guide to the computing ecosystem: everything from circuits to memory and clock signals, machine code, programming languages, operating systems, and the internet.

But you won’t just read about these concepts, you’ll test your knowledge with exercises, and practice what you learn with 41 optional hands-on projects. Build digital circuits, craft a guessing game, convert decimal numbers to binary, examine virtual memory usage, run your own web server, and more.

Explore concepts like how to:

• Think like a software engineer as you use data to describe a real world concept
• Use Ohm’s and Kirchhoff’s laws to analyze an electrical circuit
• Think like a computer as you practice binary addition and execute a program in your mind, step-by-step

The book’s projects will have you translate your learning into action, as you:

• Learn how to use a multimeter to measure resistance, current, and voltage
• Build a half adder to see how logical operations in hardware can be combined to perform useful functions
• Write a program in assembly language, then examine the resulting machine code
• Learn to use a debugger, disassemble code, and hack a program to change its behavior without changing the source code
• Use a port scanner to see which internet ports your computer has open
• Run your own server and get a solid crash course on how the web works

And since a picture is worth a thousand bytes, chapters are filled with detailed diagrams and illustrations to help clarify technical complexities.

Computers perform countless tasks ranging from the business critical to the recreational, but regardless of how differently they may look and behave, they're all amazingly similar in basic function. Once you understand how the microprocessor—or central processing unit (CPU)—works, you'll have a firm grasp of the fundamental concepts at the heart of all modern computing.

Inside the Machine, from the co-founder of the highly respected Ars Technica website, explains how microprocessors operate—what they do and how they do it. The book uses analogies, full-color diagrams, and clear language to convey the ideas that form the basis of modern computing. After discussing computers in the abstract, the book examines specific microprocessors from Intel, IBM, and Motorola, from the original models up through today's leading processors. It contains the most comprehensive and up-to-date information available (online or in print) on Intel’s latest processors: the Pentium M, Core, and Core 2 Duo. Inside the Machine also explains technology terms and concepts that you often hear but may not fully understand, such as "pipelining," "L1 cache," "main memory," "superscalar processing," and "out-of-order execution."

Includes discussion of:

• Parts of the computer and microprocessor
• Programming fundamentals (arithmetic instructions, memory accesses, control flow instructions, and data types)
• Intermediate and advanced microprocessor concepts (branch prediction and speculative execution)
• Intermediate and advanced computing concepts (instruction set architectures, RISC and CISC, the memory hierarchy, and encoding and decoding machine language instructions)
• 64-bit computing vs. 32-bit computing
• Caching and performance

Inside the Machine is perfect for students of science and engineering, IT and business professionals, and the growing community of hardware tinkerers who like to dig into the guts of their machines.

Develop the skills essential for building Internet of Things solutions with this indispensable guide. In an era where industries heavily rely on IoT, this book will quickly familiarize you with its foundations, widespread use, implementation guided by best practices, and the crucial technologies that allow it to work effectively.

Starting with the use of IoT in real-life scenarios, this book offers comprehensive insights into basic IoT hardware, protocols, and technologies. You’ll then learn about architecting and implementing solutions such as wireless sensor networks, cloud computing with AWS, and crucial security considerations. You’ll understand how these systems are operated and monitored over time and work with simple to complex, industry-grade systems, adhering to best practices.

In later chapters, you’ll be apprised of future IoT trends and strategies to manage the risks and opportunities that come with them. You’ll also get to grips with a diverse set of tools, including hardware such as ESP32 and Raspberry Pi, and software such as Mosquitto and ChatGPT for generative AI capabilities.

By the end of this IoT book, you’ll be able to independently build and design complex, industry-standard solutions fully aligned with best practices.

What you will learn

• Gain a holistic understanding of IoT basics through real-life use cases
• Explore communication protocols and technologies integral to IoT
• Use AWS to build resilient, low-latency networks
• Construct complex IoT networks, building upon foundational principles
• Integrate data analytics workloads and generative AI seamlessly with IoT
• Understand the security threat landscape of IoT and how to mitigate these risks
• Develop industry-grade projects within the open source IoT community
• Embrace a futuristic perspective of IoT by understanding both risks and rewards

Who this book is for

The book is for novice electronics engineers, embedded systems specialists, and IoT developers as well as intermediate practitioners looking to advance in the world of industry-based IoT applications. While no prior knowledge of IoT is assumed, familiarity with at least one programming language is recommended to get the most out of this book.

Introduction to Computer Organization gives programmers a practical understanding of what happens in a computer when you execute your code. You may never have to write x86-64 assembly language or design hardware yourself, but knowing how the hardware and software works will give you greater control and confidence over your coding decisions. We start with high level fundamental concepts like memory organization, binary logic, and data types and then explore how they are implemented at the assembly language level.

The goal isn’t to make you an assembly programmer, but to help you comprehend what happens behind the scenes between running your program and seeing “Hello World” displayed on the screen. Classroom-tested for over a decade, this book will demystify topics like:

• How to translate a high-level language code into assembly language
• How the operating system manages hardware resources with exceptions and interrupts
• How data is encoded in memory
• How hardware switches handle decimal data
• How program code gets transformed into machine code the computer understands
• How pieces of hardware like the CPU, input/output, and memory interact to make the entire system work.

JavaScript on Things is your first step into the exciting and downright entertaining world of programming for small electronics. If you know enough JavaScript to hack a website together, you'll be making things go bleep, blink, and spin faster than you can say "nodebot."

Learn Robotics with Raspberry Pi will take you from inexperienced maker to robot builder. You’ll start off building a two-wheeled robot powered by a Raspberry Pi minicomputer and then program it using Python, the world’s most popular programming language. Gradually, you’ll improve your robot by adding increasingly advanced functionality until it can follow lines, avoid obstacles, and even recognize objects of a certain size and color using computer vision.

Learn how to:

• Control your robot remotely using only a Wii remote
• Teach your robot to use sensors to avoid obstacles
• Program your robot to follow a line autonomously
• Customize your robot with LEDs and speakers to make it light up and play sounds
• See what your robot sees with a Pi Camera

As you work through the book, you’ll learn fundamental electronics skills like how to wire up parts, use resistors and regulators, and determine how much power your robot needs. By the end, you’ll have learned the basics of coding in Python and know enough about working with hardware like LEDs, motors, and sensors to expand your creations beyond simple robots.

Requirements: Raspberry Pi and Python 3. Compatible with all Raspberry Pi models. Model 3A+/3B+ or Zero W recommended.

"This book really is an excellent introduction to Raspberry Pi robotics …[i]t is well-written and very accurate…[and] is stunning to look at…." —Michael Horne, Raspberry Pi Pod

"Learn Robotics with Raspberry Pi is a great book for a makerspace or school looking to dabble in robotics and electronics but have no idea where to start." —Les Pounder, Electromaker

"Learn Robotics with Raspberry Pi is a great above-basic level introduction to building a standard robot and learning a bit about the Linux operating system, Python programming, and some basic electronics." —Greg Laden, Greg Laden's Blog

No way. You’ll be building fortresses, setting traps, and hoarding supplies, because you, savvy survivor, have snatched up your copy of The Maker's Guide to the Zombie Apocalypse before it’s too late. This indispensable guide to survival after Z-day, written by hardware hacker and zombie anthropologist Simon Monk, will teach you how to generate your own electricity, salvage parts, craft essential electronics, and out-survive the undead.

Take charge of your environment:

• Monitor zombie movement with trip wires and motion sensors

• Keep vigilant watch over your compound with Arduino and Raspberry Pi surveillance systems

• Power zombie defense devices with car batteries, bicycle generators, and solar power Escape imminent danger:

• Repurpose old disposable cameras for zombie-distracting flashbangs

• Open doors remotely for a successful sprint home

• Forestall subplot disasters with fire and smoke detectors Communicate with other survivors:

• Hail nearby humans using Morse code

• Pass silent messages with two-way vibration walkie-talkies

• Fervently scan the airwaves with a frequency hopper For anyone from the budding maker to the keen hobbyist, The Maker’s Guide to the Zombie Apocalypse is an essential survival tool.

Uses the Arduino Uno board and Raspberry Pi Model B+ or Model 2

"When the zombies come for your town, this helpful guide will protect your delicious brain. The book's DIY projects—like creating a generator using a car alternator and a bike—may come in handy in less-apocalyptic times, too." —Keith Blanchard, The Wall Street Journal

"I devoured this book (metaphorically speaking) from cover to cover, and it's 100% recommended for readers ranging from teenagers to grizzled old engineers." —Max Maxfield, EE Times

Interested in developing embedded systems? Since they don't tolerate inefficiency, these systems require a disciplined approach to programming. This easy-to-read guide helps you cultivate good development practices based on classic software design patterns and new patterns unique to embedded programming. You'll learn how to build system architecture for processors, not for operating systems, and you'll discover techniques for dealing with hardware difficulties, changing designs, and manufacturing requirements.

Written by an expert who has created systems ranging from DNA scanners to children's toys, this book is ideal for intermediate and experienced programmers, no matter what platform you use. This expanded second edition includes new chapters on IoT and networked sensors, motors and movement, debugging, data handling strategies, and more.

• Optimize your system to reduce cost and increase performance
• Develop an architecture that makes your software robust in resource-constrained environments
• Explore sensors, displays, motors, and other I/O devices
• Reduce RAM and power consumption, code space, and processor cycles
• Learn how to interpret schematics, datasheets, and power requirements
• Discover how to implement complex mathematics and machine learning on small processors
• Design effective embedded systems for IoT and networked sensors

Are you a software developer, systems designer, or computer architecture student looking for a methodical introduction to digital device architectures, but are overwhelmed by the complexity of modern systems? This step-by-step guide will teach you how modern computer systems work with the help of practical examples and exercises. You’ll gain insights into the internal behavior of processors down to the circuit level and will understand how the hardware executes code developed in high-level languages.

This book will teach you the fundamentals of computer systems including transistors, logic gates, sequential logic, and instruction pipelines. You will learn details of modern processor architectures and instruction sets including x86, x64, ARM, and RISC-V. You will see how to implement a RISC-V processor in a low-cost FPGA board and write a quantum computing program and run it on an actual quantum computer.

This edition has been updated to cover the architecture and design principles underlying the important domains of cybersecurity, blockchain and bitcoin mining, and self-driving vehicles.

By the end of this book, you will have a thorough understanding of modern processors and computer architecture and the future directions these technologies are likely to take.

What you will learn

• Understand the fundamentals of transistor technology and digital circuits
• Explore the concepts underlying pipelining and superscalar processing
• Implement a complete RISC-V processor in a low-cost FPGA
• Understand the technology used to implement virtual machines
• Learn about security-critical computing applications like financial transaction processing
• Get up to speed with blockchain and the hardware architectures used in bitcoin mining
• Explore the capabilities of self-navigating vehicle computing architectures
• Write a quantum computing program and run it on a real quantum computer

Who this book is for

This book is for software developers, computer engineering students, system designers, reverse engineers, and anyone looking to understand the architecture and design principles underlying modern computer systems: ranging from tiny, embedded devices to warehouse-size cloud server farms. A general understanding of computer processors is helpful but not required.

Open Circuits is a photographic exploration of the beautiful design inside everyday electronics. Its stunning cross-section photography unlocks a hidden world full of elegance, subtle complexity, and wonder.

Our phones, computers, and appliances are made of hundreds of internal components, each precisely engineered to perform a certain function, but none intended to actually be seen. Through painstakingly executed, vividly detailed cross-section photography, Open Circuits reveals the surprising—and often accidental—beauty hiding inside the electronic components that drive our everyday devices.

From resistors to LEDs, USB cables to headphone jacks, stepper motors to nixie tubes, the book’s arresting imagery transforms more than 130 components into delightful works of art. As you visually dissect the components’ insides, you’ll learn about how they work and how they were made. Open Circuits has something for everyone to appreciate, whether you’re a seasoned electrical engineer, an amateur tinkerer, or simply a lover of art and photography.

Mindshare presents a book on the newest bus architecture, PCI Express.

• PCI EXPRESS is considered to be the most general purpose bus so it should appeal to a wide audience in this arena.
• Today's buses are becoming more specialized to meet the needs of the particular system applications, building the need for this book.
• Mindshare and their only competitor in this space team up in this new book.

Forensic image acquisition is an important part of postmortem incident response and evidence collection. Digital forensic investigators acquire, preserve, and manage digital evidence to support civil and criminal cases; examine organizational policy violations; resolve disputes; and analyze cyber attacks.

Practical Forensic Imaging takes a detailed look at how to secure and manage digital evidence using Linux-based command line tools. This essential guide walks you through the entire forensic acquisition process and covers a wide range of practical scenarios and situations ­related to the imaging of storage media.

You’ll learn how to:

• Perform forensic imaging of magnetic hard disks, SSDs and flash drives, opti­cal discs, magnetic tapes, and legacy technologies
• Protect attached evidence media from accidental modification
• Manage large forensic image files, storage capacity, image format conversion, compression, splitting, duplication, secure transfer and storage, and secure ­disposal
• Preserve and verify evidence integrity with cryptographic and piecewise hashing, public key signatures, and RFC-3161 ­timestamping
• Work with newer drive and interface tech­nologies like NVME, SATA Express, 4K-native sector drives, SSHDs, SAS, UASP/USB3x, and Thunderbolt
• Manage drive security such as ATA pass­words; encrypted thumb drives; Opal self-encrypting drives; OS-encrypted drives using BitLocker, FileVault, and TrueCrypt; and others
• Acquire usable images from more complex or challenging situations such as RAID systems, virtual machine images, and damaged media

With its unique focus on digital forensic acquisition and evidence preservation, ­Practical Forensic Imaging is a valuable resource for experienced digital forensic investigators wanting to advance their Linux skills and experienced Linux administrators wanting to learn digital forensics. This is a must-have reference for every digital forensics lab.

Drawing from the real-life exploits of five highly regarded IoT security researchers, Practical IoT Hacking teaches you how to test IoT systems, devices, and protocols to mitigate risk.

The book begins by walking you through common threats and a threat modeling framework. You’ll develop a security testing methodology, discover the art of passive reconnaissance, and assess security on all layers of an IoT system. Next, you’ll perform VLAN hopping, crack MQTT authentication, abuse UPnP, develop an mDNS poisoner, and craft WS-Discovery attacks.

You’ll tackle both hardware hacking and radio hacking, with in-depth coverage of attacks against embedded IoT devices and RFID systems.

You’ll also learn how to:

• Write a DICOM service scanner as an NSE module
• Hack a microcontroller through the UART and SWD interfaces
• Reverse engineer firmware and analyze mobile companion apps
• Develop an NFC fuzzer using Proxmark3
• Hack a smart home by jamming wireless alarms, playing back IP camera feeds, and controlling a smart treadmill

The tools and devices you’ll use are affordable and readily available, so you can easily practice what you learn. You can also download this book’s code examples at https://github.com/practical-iot-hacking.

Whether you’re a security researcher, IT team member, or hacking hobbyist, you’ll find Practical IoT Hacking indispensable in your efforts to hack all the things

REQUIREMENTS: Basic knowledge of Linux command line, TCP/IP, and programming

The Acclaimed RF Microelectronics Best-Seller, Expanded and Updated for the Newest Architectures, Circuits, and Devices

Wireless communication has become almost as ubiquitous as electricity, but RF design continues to challenge engineers and researchers. In the 15 years since the first edition of this classic text, the demand for higher performance has led to an explosive growth of RF design techniques. In RF Microelectronics, Second Edition, Behzad Razavi systematically teaches the fundamentals as well as the state-of-the-art developments in the analysis and design of RF circuits and transceivers.

Razavi has written the second edition to reflect today’s RF microelectronics, covering key topics in far greater detail. At nearly three times the length of the first edition, the second edition is an indispensable tome for both students and practicing engineers. With his lucid prose, Razavi now

• Offers a stronger tutorial focus along with hundreds of examples and problems
• Teaches design as well as analysis with the aid of step-by-step design procedures and a chapter dedicated to the design of a dual-band WiFi transceiver
• Describes new design paradigms and analysis techniques for circuits such as low-noise amplifiers, mixers, oscillators, and frequency dividers

This edition’s extensive coverage includes brand new chapters on mixers, passive devices, integer-N synthesizers, and fractional-N synthesizers. Razavi’s teachings culminate in a new chapter that begins with WiFi’s radio specifications and, step by step, designs the transceiver at the transistor level.

Coverage includes

• Core RF principles, including noise and nonlinearity, with ties to analog design, microwave theory, and communication systems
• An intuitive treatment of modulation theory and wireless standards from the standpoint of the RF IC designer
• Transceiver architectures such as heterodyne, sliding-IF, directconversion, image-reject, and low-IF topologies.
• Low-noise amplifiers, including cascode common-gate and commonsource topologies, noise-cancelling schemes, and reactance-cancelling configurations
• Passive and active mixers, including their gain and noise analysis and new mixer topologies
• Voltage-controlled oscillators, phase noise mechanisms, and various VCO topologies dealing with noisepower-tuning trade-offs
• All-new coverage of passive devices, such as integrated inductors, MOS varactors, and transformers
• A chapter on the analysis and design of phase-locked loops with emphasis on low phase noise and low spur levels
• Two chapters on integer-N and fractional-N synthesizers, including the design of frequency dividers
• Power amplifier principles and circuit topologies along with transmitter architectures, such as polar modulation and outphasing

If you work with embedded systems, you’re bound to encounter the ubiquitous Inter-Integrated Circuit bus (IIC, I2C, or I²C)—a serial protocol for connecting integrated circuits in a computer system. In The Book of I²C, the first comprehensive guide to this bus, bestselling author Randall Hyde draws on 40 years of industry experience to get you started designing and programming I²C systems.

For hardware hackers, electronics hobbyists, and software engineers of every skill level, the extensive coverage in this book will make it a go-to reference—whether you need an overview of I²C signal protocols, an introduction to variants of the I²C, like the SMBus and VESA E-DCC, or programming examples for common I²C peripheral ICs. You’ll also learn the I²C implementations of the Arduino, Teensy, and Raspberry Pi systems among others, as well as how to:

• Analyze and debug I²C bus transactions
• Program devices on the I²C
• Implement an I²C with bare-metal programming
• Work with I²C bus expanders The Book of I²C includes over 100 figures and many annotated source code listings, along with online chapters that will be updated to include new controllers and peripherals.

For over a decade, Andrew "bunnie" Huang, one of the world's most esteemed hackers, has shaped the fields of hacking and hardware, from his cult-classic book Hacking the Xbox to the open-source laptop Novena and his mentorship of various hardware startups and developers. In The Hardware Hacker, Huang shares his experiences in manufacturing and open hardware, creating an illuminating and compelling career retrospective.

Huang’s journey starts with his first visit to the staggering electronics markets in Shenzhen, with booths overflowing with capacitors, memory chips, voltmeters, and possibility. He shares how he navigated the overwhelming world of Chinese factories to bring chumby, Novena, and Chibitronics to life, covering everything from creating a Bill of Materials to choosing the factory to best fit his needs.

Through this collection of personal essays and interviews on topics ranging from the legality of reverse engineering to a comparison of intellectual property practices between China and the United States, bunnie weaves engineering, law, and society into the tapestry of open hardware.

With highly detailed passages on the ins and outs of manufacturing and a comprehensive take on the issues associated with open source hardware, The Hardware Hacker is an invaluable resource for aspiring hackers and makers.

Embedded devices are chip-size microcomputers small enough to be included in the structure of the object they control, and they’re everywhere—in phones, cars, credit cards, laptops, medical equipment, even critical infrastructure. This means understanding their security is critical. The Hardware Hacking Handbook takes you deep inside different types of embedded systems, revealing the designs, components, security limits, and reverse-engineering challenges you need to know for executing effective hardware attacks.

Written with wit and infused with hands-on lab experiments, this handbook puts you in the role of an attacker interested in breaking security to do good. Starting with a crash course on the architecture of embedded devices, threat modeling, and attack trees, you’ll go on to explore hardware interfaces, ports and communication protocols, electrical signaling, tips for analyzing firmware images, and more. Along the way, you’ll use a home testing lab to perform fault-injection, side-channel (SCA), and simple and differential power analysis (SPA/DPA) attacks on a variety of real devices, such as a crypto wallet. The authors also share insights into real-life attacks on embedded systems, including Sony’s PlayStation 3, the Xbox 360, and Philips Hue lights, and provide an appendix of the equipment needed for your hardware hacking lab – like a multimeter and an oscilloscope – with options for every type of budget.

You’ll learn:

• How to model security threats, using attacker profiles, assets, objectives, and countermeasures
• Electrical basics that will help you understand communication interfaces, signaling, and measurement
• How to identify injection points for executing clock, voltage, electromagnetic, laser, and body-biasing fault attacks, as well as practical injection tips
• How to use timing and power analysis attacks to extract passwords and cryptographic keys
• Techniques for leveling up both simple and differential power analysis, from practical measurement tips to filtering, processing, and visualization

Whether you’re an industry engineer tasked with understanding these attacks, a student starting out in the field, or an electronics hobbyist curious about replicating existing work, The Hardware Hacking Handbook is an indispensable resource – one you’ll always want to have onhand.

Many coders are unfamiliar with the underlying technologies that make their programs run. But why should you care when your code appears to work? Because you want it to run well and not be riddled with hard-to-find bugs. You don’t want to be in the news because your code had a security problem.

Lots of technical detail is available online but it’s not organized or collected into a convenient place. In The Secret Life of Programs, veteran engineer Jonathan E. Steinhart explores—in depth—the foundational concepts that underlie the machine. Subjects like computer hardware, how software behaves on hardware, as well as how people have solved problems using technology over time.

You’ll learn:

• How the real world is converted into a form that computers understand, like bits, logic, numbers, text, and colors
• The fundamental building blocks that make up a computer including logic gates, adders, decoders, registers, and memory
• Why designing programs to match computer hardware, especially memory, improves performance
• How programs are converted into machine language that computers understand
• How software building blocks are combined to create programs like web browsers
• Clever tricks for making programs more efficient, like loop invariance, strength reduction, and recursive subdivision
• The fundamentals of computer security and machine intelligence
• Project design, documentation, scheduling, portability, maintenance, and other practical programming realities.

Learn what really happens when your code runs on the machine and you’ll learn to craft better, more efficient code.